Jana gana mana

Jana Gana Mana lit. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines and taking about 20 seconds to play is also staged occasionally. If put forward succinctly, the anthem conveys the spirit of pluralism or in a more popular term the concept of 'unity in diversity', which lies at the core of India's cultural heritage. The lyrics of the song first appeared in 5 stanzas in Bengali magazine in an issue of Tatwabodhini Patrika.

The melody of the song, in raga Alhaiya Bilaval , was composed as a Brahmo Hymn by Tagore himself with possibly some help from his musician grand-nephew Dinendranath Tagore. The final form of the song before the first public performance was set on 11 December The song was first publicly sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta Kolkata on 27 December by Rabindranath Tagore's niece in her school assembly.

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The poem was published in January , under the title Bharat Bhagya Bidhata in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj with Tagore then the Editor. In , the song was again performed at the Congress conference and this time in aid of instrumental music by the Mahraja Bahadur of Nattore. Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle , Andhra Pradesh on 28 February when Tagore visited the college and sang the song.

The song enthralled the college students and Margaret Cousins, then vice-principal of the college also an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins. Based on the notes provided by Tagore himself, the song was preserved in in Western notation at Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh by Margaret Cousins and her students.

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In a voice surprisingly light for so large a man, he sang something like a piece of geography giving a list of countries, mountains and rivers; and in the second verse, a list of the religions in India. The refrain to the first made us pick up our ears. The refrain to the second verse made us clear our throats.