Ayn rand biography pdf free download 2023 full

See Ronald Merrill’s Ideas of Ayn Rand, which focuses on the broad essentials of Rand’s system of thought; Craig Biddle’s Loving Life, which focuses on Rand’s ethics; Alexandra York’s From .

Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful and two Broadway plays, Rand achieved fame with her novel The Fountainhead. In , she published her best-selling work, the novel Atlas Shrugged. Afterward, until her death in , she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own periodicals and releasing several collections of essays.

Rand advocated reason and rejected faith and religion. She supported rational and ethical egoism as opposed to altruism and hedonism. In politics, she condemned the initiation of force as immoral and supported laissez-faire capitalism , which she defined as the system based on recognizing individual rights , including private property rights.

Although she opposed libertarianism , which she viewed as anarchism , Rand is often associated with the modern libertarian movement in the United States.

The Ayn Rand Archives is a corporate repository maintained by the Ayn Rand Institute.

In art, she promoted romantic realism. She was sharply critical of most philosophers and philosophical traditions known to her, with a few exceptions. Rand's books have sold over 37 million copies. Her fiction received mixed reviews from literary critics, with reviews becoming more negative for her later work. The Objectivist movement circulates her ideas, both to the public and in academic settings.

Rand was born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum on February 2, , into a Jewish bourgeois family living in Saint Petersburg , which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. Her father's pharmacy was nationalized, [ 8 ] and the family fled to Yevpatoria in Crimea, which was initially under the control of the White Army during the Russian Civil War.

After complaints from a group of visiting foreign scientists, many purged students, including Rand, were reinstated.